Título:	Effect of torrefaction severity on the energy recovery from amazonian wood residues for decentralized energy conversion systems
Autor(es):	Silveira, Edgar Amaral Lamas, Giulia Cruz Rodrigues, Pedro Paulo de Oliveira Souto, Normando P. Barbosa Chaves, Bruno Sant’Anna Galvão, Luiz Gustavo Oliveira Macedo, Lucélia Alves de Rodrigues, Juliana Sabino Luz, Sandra Maria da Rousset, Patrick Louis Albert Protásio, Thiago de Paula
Afiliação do autor:	University of Brasília, Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Energy and Environment University of Brasília, Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Energy and Environment University of Brasília, Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Energy and Environment Management and Operational Center for the Amazon Protection System, Brasília, DF, Brazil Forest Products Laboratory, Brazilian Forest Service, Brasília, Brazil Forest Products Laboratory, Brazilian Forest Service, Brasília, Brazil Forest Products Laboratory, Brazilian Forest Service, Brasília, Brazil Forest Products Laboratory, Brazilian Forest Service, Brasília, Brazil CIRAD, UPR BioWooEB, F-34398, Montpellier, France Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Department of Forest Science
Assunto:	Torrefação Resíduos de madeira Modelagem cinética
Data de publicação:	2025
Editora:	Elsevier
Referência:	SILVEIRA, Edgar A. et al. Effect of torrefaction severity on the energy recovery from amazonian wood residues for decentralized energy conversion systems. Biomass and Bioenergy, [S. l.], v. 193, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107515. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953424004689?via%3Dihub.
Abstract:	Brazil features over 196 isolated energy systems, mainly in the Amazonia, relying on diesel-fired conversion for about 96 % of their energy supply. Given diesel's cost and pollution, there's a significant potential for waste wood from sustainable forest management. This study originally assessed torrefaction (225–275 °C, 60 min) to enhance the energy density of a blend (AB) consisting of six (16.66 %) waste wood: Peltogyne lecointei, Erisma uncinatum, Martiodendron elatum, Handroanthus incanus, Dipteryx odorata, and Allantoma decandra. Torrefaction was evaluated through severity indexes, morphological modification, analytical (proximate, ultimate, and calorific) characterizations and kinetic modeling. TGA assessed the torrefied blend's combustion behavior, and related emissions were determined numerically. Torrefaction modifies the raw material by significantly reducing H/C (from 1.87 to 1.05) and O/C (from 0.70 to 0.47) ratios. Considering AB275, fixed carbon sees a 159 % increase, and volatile matter (VM) decreases by 68.3 %. The low ash (0.63 %) in the final product indicates the potential for direct burning and blending for low-ash biofuel. The higher heating value improved from 20.22 to 21.64 MJ kg−1 (1.07 energy densification). Morphological analysis indicated increasing particulate matter and enhanced porosity. The two-step kinetic modeling precisely predicted the solid yield, with R2 values of 0.9979, 0.9951, and 0.9996 for AB225, AB250, and AB275. Torrefaction improved thermal stability, impacting ignition dynamics due to lower O/C and VM. Emission factors from the combustion of torrefied products reported lower emissions than diesel, coal and other biomasses: CO2, NOx, and SO2 at 1281.67–1487.48, 1.12–1.72, and 0.16–0.25 kg ton−1, respectively.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Faculdade de Tecnologia (FT) Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica (FT ENM)
Programa de pós-graduação:	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Mecânicas
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107515 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107515
Versão da editora:	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953424004689?via%3Dihub
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