Título:	Pathological investigation of infectious diseases in free- ranging black-tufted marmosets (Callitrix penicillata) and implications for public health and conservation in Brazil
Autor(es):	Wilson, Tais Meziara
Orientador(es):	Castro, Márcio Botelho de
Assunto:	Saúde Única Zoonoses Patologia Histopatologia Imunohistoquímica
Data de publicação:	1-Abr-2022
Data de defesa:	9-Dez-2021
Referência:	WILSON, Tais Meziara. Pathological investigation of infectious diseases in free- ranging black-tufted marmosets (Callitrix penicillata) and implications for public health and conservation in Brazil. 2021. 42 f., il. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Animais) — Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2021.
Abstract:	Several emerging infections that became epidemic in humans have originated in non-human primates (NHPs). These disease transmission events can be driven by man-made alterations to animal habitats and are essential for a One Health viewpoint. Etiologic agents of fatal infectious diseases can be diagnosed laboratory testing of tissues, as such necropsy is key for improving recognition of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Most of the studies of infectious diseases in NHPs are based on serological or molecular assays, there are limited data on infectious diseases as the cause of deaths in NHPs in Brazil. Natural fatal infectious diseases as a cause of death were investigated in the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory at the University of Brasilia as part of the National Surveillance Program of Yellow Fever Epizootics in NHP of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. This investigation lead to the identification of other fatal infectious diseases in NHPs; herein we describe, from 1,042 cases retrieved, histopathological, immunohistochemical, molecular diagnosis, and epidemiological investigation of fatal Leptospira interrogans infection in an urbanized, free- ranging, black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicilatta) in Brazil. Fatal leptospirosis in NHPs is rare, this is the first report of fatal leptospirosis in a free-ranging NHP describing findings essential to facilitate the postmortem diagnosis of leptospirosis and understanding the disease in NHP. Applying the One Health perspective brings into consideration the possible role of NHPs in the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of human and animal leptospirosis, and potential of pathogen spillover at the human-NHP interface in anthropized areas. NHP are important sentinels for some zoonotic diseases in Brazil, and these animals could also indicate leptospirosis risks in the environment. Another aspect on the One Health perspective is reverse zoonoses, where human diseases can be spread to vulnerable wildlife populations. This is a concern for marmoset populations. Herein we describe the clinicopathological clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and ultrastructural findings of fatal human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in 13 urbanized, free-ranging, black- tufted marmosets (Callithrix penicilatta) in Brazil. Necrotizing meningoencephalitis, ulcerative glossitis, and necrotizing hepatitis with intranuclear viral inclusions were hallmarks of the disease. We localized HSV-1 antigens by immunohistochemistry and viral particles by transmission electron microscopy within neural cells, tongue epithelium, and hepatocytes. PCR testing confirmed HSV1 in all cases. While nearly all prior reports of HSV-1 infection in marmosets are from captive animals, our findings highlight the risk of interspecies infectious disease transmission at the human-animal interface in anthropized environments and emphasize the importance of a One Health approach to infectious disease surveillance in these settings.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária (FAV)
Informações adicionais:	Tese (doutorado) — Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, 2021.
Programa de pós-graduação:	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Animais
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