Título :	Caracterização química e avaliação do efeito inseticida de frações obtidas de Anacardium occidentale sobre vetores de doenças e insetos-pragas agrícolas
Autor :	Carvalho, George Harrison Ferreira de
Orientador(es)::	Santana, Jaime Martins de
Coorientador(es)::	Bastos, Izabela Marques Dourado
Assunto::	Controle de pragas Inseticidas Cajueiro Anacardium occidentale
Fecha de publicación :	17-jun-2019
Data de defesa::	18-dic-2018
Citación :	CARVALHO, George Harrison Ferreira de. Caracterização química e avaliação do efeito inseticida de frações obtidas de Anacardium occidentale sobre vetores de doenças e insetos-pragas agrícolas. 2018. 78 f., il. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Médicas)—Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2018.
Abstract:	In an attempt to control vectors of diseases such as the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae), of flies such as Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) and Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and insect pests such as the moth Anticarsia gemmatalis and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), billions of reais are spent annually with insecticides. The indiscriminate use of these insecticides has caused resistance in these insects to these products. In the expectation of obtaining insecticides, economically viable, effective, and safe to the human and the animal population, and the ecosystem, molecules extracted from plants are highlighted. In this context, the cashew Anacardium occidentale emerges as an alternative, economical, efficient and safe the population. After obtaining the oil of A. occidentale denominated natural CNSL and fractions obtained from this, such as technical CNSL, anacardic acid, cardanol, cardol as well as larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus; of the eggs of M. domestica and C. megacephala and of A. gemmatalis and S. frugiperda larvae, the tests were started, following specific breeding and bioassay protocols for each species. The tests were carried out in laboratory and field conditions for larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, only in laboratory for the eggs of M. domestica and C. megacephala and for the larvae of A. gemmatalis and S. frugiperda. All the tests were followed up with the positive and negative control groups, following a specific protocol for each species. Commercial products such as phenol, resorcinol, salicylic acid and pentadecane, were also investigated, due to the chemical-organic similarity between these substances and the fractions of A. occidentale. Cytotoxicity tests on L6 cells derived from rat myoblasts with A. occidentale fractions were also performed. The LC50s were obtained by the Probit program and the CC50 by analysis of variance (ANOVA) the means were compared by the Scott-Knott test and regression, both with (5%). The fractions of A. occidentale that presented the best insecticidal effects were anacardic acid and the cardol, both in laboratory and field conditions, with a lethal concentration of LC50 5.9 mg/L and 6.1 mg/L on third instar larvae (L3) of Ae. aegypti and 109.6 mg/L and 90.7 mg/L for pupae, respectively in the laboratory. The largest residual time (RT) in the field for larvae (L3) of Ae. aegypti was 5.75 days for cardol at a concentration of 100 mg/L. For the pupae of Ae. aegypti o (RT) was 3.40 days for cardol at the concentration of 300 mg/L. The anacardic acid and cardol were also more effective on larvae (L3) and pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 in laboratory condition of 5.3 mg/L for anacardic acid and 6.7 mg/L for the cardol . For the pupae, LC50 was 105.0 mg/L for anacardic acid and 96.6 mg/L for cardol. The residual time (RT) in the field for larvae (L3) of Cx. quinquefasciatus was 5.36 days for the cardol. For pupae of the Cx. quinquefasciatus (RT) it was 3.53 days for cardol at the concentration of 300 mg/L. The cardol fraction for both species of flies presented the lowest lethal concentration with LC50 of 80.4 mg/L for M. domestica and 90.2 mg/L for C. megacephala, while for butterflies A. gemmatalis and S. frugiperda the most effective fraction was the LC50 anacardic acid of 295.1 mg/L and 318.4 mg/L, respectively. There was no mortality in the negative control groups in any of the species. In the positive controls there was 100% death of the larvae and eggs of all the species tested and survival of the pupae of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The anacardic acid fraction had a lower cytotoxic effect on the L6 cells. These results suggest the fractions of A. occidentale as alternating in the control of insects of medical, veterinary and agricultural importance.
metadata.dc.description.unidade:	Faculdade de Medicina (FM)
Descripción :	Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, 2018.
metadata.dc.description.ppg:	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas
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