Título:	Diversidade de nematoides em sistemas de uso do solo nos biomas de mata atlântica e caatinga e aspectos taxonômicos e filogenéticos da família Telotylenchidae
Autor(es):	Caixeta, Larissa de Brito
Orientador(es):	Cares, Juvenil Enrique
Assunto:	Nematóides Solos - qualidade Indicadores (Biologia)
Data de publicação:	25-Jan-2016
Data de defesa:	7-Ago-2015
Referência:	CAIXETA, Larissa de Brito. Diversidade de nematoides em sistemas de uso do solo nos biomas de mata atlântica e caatinga e aspectos taxonômicos e filogenéticos da família Telotylenchidae. 2015. vi, 186 f., il. Tese (Doutorado em Fitopatologia)—Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2015.
Abstract:	Nematodes are invertebrates belonging to the phylum Nematoda, one of the most abundant and diverse groups of animals on the planet. Due to the short life cycle and the different trophic habits, soil nematodes can reflect environmental changes, altering the structure and community composition. These are some of the features that qualify them as environmental biomarkers. Several indices and other ecological measurement systems were created or adapted to explore the potential of nematodes as bio-indicators of environmental changes and soil quality. The soil nematode communities are composed of five main trophic groups: plant parasites, bacterial feeders, fungal feeders, predators and omnivores. In plant covered soils, usually plant-parasitic nematodes are the most abundant, among them stand out members of the suborder Tylenchina. Tylenchina is one of the most diverse and economically important groups on a global scale, and nematological studies in Brazil indicate a wide variety of members of this suborder. Nematode taxonomy is based mainly on morphological and morphometric characters. As a result of isolated use of these characters, the systems of nematode classification have been ephemeral, and do not reflect faithfully the phylogenetic relationships among taxa. The integration of morphological characters with molecular data, especially sequences of genes of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), has caused profound changes in the interpretation of nematode phylogeny. Therfore, the overall objective of the study was to contribute to the knowledge on the biodiversity of soil nematodes in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes, and on the taxonomic aspects of nematodes of the suborder Tylenchina, with focus on Tylenchorhynchus and related genera, from Brazil and several world geographic regions. The specific objectives aim to conduct inventories of nematode biodiversity in an extinct mining area of Vale Mining Company, now converted to the Centre for Research and Biodiversity Conservation of the Iron Quadrangle (CeBio), as well as in natural and cultivated areas of Caatinga biome in the region of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina-PE. Both benchmark sites were under different levels of human intervention; to look for indicators on the nematode community that can be used to assess the soil ecological conditions in these areas; to combine indicators of environmental impacts from the nematode communities with other indicators resulting from physical and chemical properties of the soil, to improve knowledge on the factors affecting soil quality; to conduct comparative phylogenetic studies taking into account morphological, morphometric and molecular approaches of nematode populations of Tylenchorhynchus and related genera. Results indicated that in the areas of Caatinga, replacing native vegetation by fruit trees and forage crops influencednematode communities, suppressing the presence of some nematodes and the introduction of other ones in cultivated area.The environmental indices were effective in indication of soil disturbancelevels, as well as soil characteristics, such as texture, acidity, soil organic matter, micro and macro nutrients, wich have played essential roles in defining structure of soil nematodes communities. In areas of CeBio it was demonstratedthatthe nematode assemblages respondedto changes in vegetation cover and soil abiotic factors. The multivariate method of Principal Component Analysis was an efficient tool in the study of nematode communities. The comparative phylogenetic studies taking into account morphological and molecular criteria, established the importance of using integrative taxonomic approach on the characterization of nematodes. The data indicate a tendency to monophyly of the family Telotylenchidae, separating the subfamily Merliniinae of Telotylenchinae, which indicates that the current system of classification proposed by Siddiqi (2000) needs to be revised.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (IB) Departamento de Fitopatologia (IB FIT)
Informações adicionais:	Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, 2015.
Programa de pós-graduação:	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia
Licença:	A concessão da licença deste item refere-se ao termo de autorização impresso assinado pelo autor com as seguintes condições: Na qualidade de titular dos direitos de autor da publicação, autorizo a Universidade de Brasília e o IBICT a disponibilizar por meio dos sites www.bce.unb.br, www.ibict.br, http://hercules.vtls.com/cgi-bin/ndltd/chameleon?lng=pt&skin=ndltd sem ressarcimento dos direitos autorais, de acordo com a Lei nº 9610/98, o texto integral da obra disponibilizada, conforme permissões assinaladas, para fins de leitura, impressão e/ou download, a título de divulgação da produção científica brasileira, a partir desta data.
DOI:	http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2015.08.T.19282
Aparece nas coleções:	Teses, dissertações e produtos pós-doutorado

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